Archive for June, 2011
Security System Using PIC16f877 with vehicles access control
The systems allows controlling the access of vehicles to an institution. The system allows only the registered objects to access automatically and stores their access time in a database, unregistered objects must meet the security officer to access.. In this system, the microcontroller does main process. That microcontroller controls the peripheral devices.
In this project a database is also developed in which all known vehicles are registered and their information is stored. The new vehicles go through the registration process before entering.This security system is created using microcontroller technology as the brain of the system where sensors are connected to the system.
the Security system contains two parts:
The part-1 is the base where sensors are applied, connected to the gate and the database.
The part-2: A certain piece of hardware is placed in each vehicle, saves and transmits the ID number of the vehicle to the base station.
Actually these two parts are necessary to get the desired results from the security system using microcontroller and database.
When the vehicle approaches to the gate, an IR sensor informs the base station which requests the ID, that request is done by sending a random key to the (vehicle) using IR transmitter.
The ID saver (the vehicle) receives the key and generates a cipher containing the ID number encrypted by that key, then sends the cipher by RF transmitter.The device consists of GSM modem, microcontroller, sensors, relays, memory and display. For Infrared emitting diode circuit, a load resistor is requiring to limit the amount of forward current (If) flowing through the diode. Driving the emitter with higher forward current to obtain larger reflected signal strength may cause the diode to burn out due to over current.
The base decrypts the message, gets the ID and then sends it to a software which looks in the database, if the ID is allowed to access, it sends a message to the base asking to open the gate. If the ID is not allowed, it send an SMS to the security officer asking him to check the gate.
Unregistered vehicles might not have the ID saver, so it will not reply respond to the ID request, so the base will not receive a cipher. The base waits 2 seconds after the ID request is done, if no cipher received, it sends a dummy (unused) ID to the computer, and the computer will send a SMS to the security officer.
Encryption: the ID is encrypted using a random key, so in the next access the cipher will be changed. saving the cipher and transmitting it will not give you an access.
Intelligent Car Security System Using Dynamic Generation of Random Security codes.
System components of security system using microcontroller and database management system:
There are two main components which are the Base station and the ID saver and off course the computer.
The Base station contains the following components:
• IR transmitting circuit.
• 2 IR sensors circuits (transmitters and receivers).
• RF receiver.
• Serial data connection with the computer.
• PIC16F877 basic station circuit.
The ID saver’s components:
• IR receiving circuit.
• RF transmitter.
• PIC16F877 circuit.
The computer side:
• A software that has access to a Database containing two tables:
1- Saves the allowed ID numbers to access, and the owner name and all relevant information about that particular vehicle.
2- The software saves info about all the accesses done (in and out)
• A mobile phone connected to the computer using IR connection (or serial).
• Serial connection with the Base.
GSM is one of the latest mobile technologies using smart MODEM, which can easily interfaced to embedded microcontrollers. Now everything is going to be automated using this technology, using this technology we can access the devices remotely. Using GSM and GPS now we can identify the people, vehicles etc in any where of the world.
MODEM is communicating with the microcontroller using AT commands, for example if we want to send an SMS to number 98xxxxxxxxx,the commands we have to send is AT+CMGS=””, , , .
This software handles the serial communication with the Base, checks whether the ID is allowed to access or not, and send result to the Base.
It also handles the SMS messaging using AT commands.PIC16F877 and its peripheral devices mainly construct circuit. 16F877 is an 8-bit CMOS Flash microcontroller. This microcontroller is more advanced than most used PIC16F84 microcontroller. It has flash memory and can erase and program many times easily (for that reason this is a good development tool). It has 33 I/O ports and 10 of them can configure as A/D converters. More properties are going to be describing in my project. In my project, I’m going to be use two interrupt sources, 24 of 33 I/O ports (PIC16F84 has only 13 I/O ports), 4MHz external clock frequency and my own software.
Tags:-
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Data Acquisition System using PIC Microcontroller
Data Acquisition System using PIC Microcontroller:-
A data acquisition system is developed and presented here for students to make some idea for their final project for the microcontroller. The Data Acquisition system is developed to monitor power supplies and development tool for the design of a 200 W switch-mode power supply.At the heart of any data acquisition system lies the data acquisition hardware. The main function of this hardware is to convert analog signals to digital signals, and to convert digital signals to analog signals.
A PIC microcontroller from Microchip is the heart of the data collection system. Internal analog to digital converters acquired data from an analog interface. The analog subsystem gathered data from temperature, voltage, and current sensors. Data is recorded through HyperTerminal in Windows.
In the Data Acquisition System using PIC Microcontroller project the main part is to measure the three basic quantities: voltage, temperature, and current. These three physical quantities can provide enough information to allow for debugging of almost any electrical circuit. The data acquisition system measures one channel of voltage from 0 to 20 volts, one channel of current from –50 to +50 amps, and two channels of temperature (one ambient and one load).
The Microchip PIC controller; PICs are self-contained microcontrollers often including clock, I/O, and a host of peripherals on-chip. The great advantage seen by adopting the PIC was a chip with onboard analog to digital converters was available in a small 14-pin DIP package. In addition a serial port, and multiple timer/counters were available. A low-cost development kit is available from Microchip to try out any of the 14-pin series of micrcontrollers. Additionally, for the intended application a low-power small form factor device was a plus. Essentially all the PIC needs to create the system is the analog interface and a voltage regulator. At minimum 4 ADC channels, a UART, and one counter timer were needed. The first device found to meet these specifications was the PIC16F688. The ‘688 contains 8 channels of 10-bit AD converters, an enhanced UART, two timer counters, analog input comparison modules, an internal 32kHz to 8MHz clock, and flash program memory. Sensors and actuators can both be transducers. A transducer is a device that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another form. For example, a microphone is a sensor that converts sound energy (in the form of pressure) into electrical energy, while a loudspeaker is an actuator that converts electrical energy into sound energy.
INTRODUCTION of Data Acquisition System using PIC Microcontroller
The Data acquisition and control using microcontroller and Fundamental principles of data acquisition are important components to understand for control systems. Some DAQ system are Typical PC based applications and
ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS which involves Sensors, transducers and temperature.Transducers have important features such as Strain gauges,The difference between single ended, differential systems, Grounding and isolation techniques to reduce noise and Cable shielding and grounding
SIGNAL CONDITIONING. For this The different types of signal conditioners and Signal conditioning functions and signal filtering are applied in Isolation and overvoltage protection mode.THE PC FOR REAL TIME WORK involves the The different data transfer methods and Streaming of data to hard disk.
Microchip provides an integrated development environment (IDE) called MPLAB for coding, compiling, setting up, and controlling programmers for the PIC series of microcontrollers. Included in the IDE is a debugger and compiler. The debugger worked well until additional peripherals were initialized and used which then caused the debugger to crash the IDE. Thus, all further testing needed to be conducted on actual hardware. A simple USB powered programmer interfaced to the IDE and reprogrammed the flash program memory in PIC controllers. Eight general purpose digital I/O lines are also provided which allow the board to control external digital circuitry or monitor the state of external devices such as switches or buttons.
Data acquisition software allows you to exchange information between the computer and the hardware. For example, typical software allows you to configure the sampling rate of your board, and acquire a predefined amount of data.
The high integration of the PIC controller leads to a very simple hardware solution. On the digital side the PIC controller is connected to a MAX232, RS-232 to logic-level converter. A 5 V power supply and some supply decoupling capacitors round out the digital section of the hardware. Figure shows the implementation of the digital board that was constructed on the PICKit-1 development board. These drivers allow the programmer to perform all the necessary tasks such as initializing, configuring, and sending and receiving data from the board.
Highly integrated sensors reduced the difficulty of implementing an analog interface board. The LM35 temperature sensor features a conditioned output with a 10mV/C output slope. It was decided to use the LM35’s output directly, without amplification, with slightly reduced resolution. A hall-effect current sensor the
made by Allegro was chosen as an easy integrated solution for current sensing.
The current sensor is capable of resolving –50 to +50 A and outputs a 0 to 5 V signal corresponding to the current through the device. In the original application it was expected to see load currents up to 30 A. However, when demonstrating the device it was not possible to find power supplies capable of supplying more than 2.5A, thus the captured waveforms appear very noisy due to the small currents measured. Figure shows the schematic of the analog board. Two LM35 temperature sensors are attached via twisted cable, enabling them to be clamped onto heatsinks to measure power supply temperatures. A set of binding posts is provided for voltage measurement and current measurement input. The 9 pin serial port hangs off the left side of the development board .Unregulated (9 to 37 VDC) DC input is supplied via two wires exiting the back of the board.The analog digital converters provide a numeric (binary) representation of the analog signal
applied at their input. Two of the most important characteristics of an analog digital converter are the resolution and the conversion rate. The conversion rate (sometimes defined by its inverse, the conversion time) expresses how fast the conversion is.The output voltage, current, ambient temperature, and temperature of the load resistor were all monitored via the data acquisition system. This data acquisition system, while functional, could be improved. Primarily, the improvements are centered on the lack of resolution of the ADC in the PIC controller and the need for better PC interface software. Other microcontrollers such as the MSC series from Texas Instruments have on-board ADC converters with up to 24 bits of resolution. These microcontrollers also feature programmable gain amplifiers, which effectively increase the dynamic range of the ADC and thus further increase resolution.
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